C64 User Manual 1984 2nd Edition, C-64 PDF book
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
Copyright
© 1984
by Commodore Business Machines,
(UKI
Ltd.
All rights reserved.
This manual is copyrighted and contains proprietary information. No part of this publica
tion may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of COMMODORE BUSINESS MACHINES,
(UKI
Ltd.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1
SETTING UP
Unpacking and Connecting the 64
Installation .. .
2
3
. .............
.
.......
.
......
.
..
.
.... .
Optional Connections
.
........
. . . . .
.
.
. .
.
.
.
. .
. . . .
5
Operation
.....
.
..
.
.
.
...
.
.
..
.
.. . . .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.. ... . . . .
.
.
7
Troubleshooting Chart
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.. .... .
.
. ...
.
. . . . . .. .. . . . .
.
...
. .
.
8
Color Adjustment
.................. .
.
. .
.
. . . . .
. .
.
.
. .
.
.
. . . .
10
Expanding Your System With Optional Peripherals
....
..
........
.
....
.
..
..
.
.
.....
12
CHAPTER
2
GETTING STARTED
Commurucatl11g with your 64 The Keyboard
Loading Prgrams
.....
.
How to Format a New Disk .
. .
.
. . ..
.
..... .
Saving Prgrams .................. .............
.
Listing a Dirctory of Prgrams on a Disk
16
........ .. ... 21
. ...... ..... ... ....... 23
. 24
... 24
CHAPTER 3
BEGINNING BASIC
Printing and Calculating
.
..
.
.........
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
...
...
.
..
.
. . . .
.
.. . ... .
.
.. ..
26
Mathematical Functions
.........
.
..........
.
.....
..
....
.
..............
.
......
27
Multiple Calculations on One Line
.
. .
.
. .. ...
.
.
. . .. .
.
. . ... . .
.
.. ... . . . .
.
. .. ..
29
Excution Order in Calculations
..............
.
...............
.
.................
. 30
Combining PRINT's Capabilities
.
....
.
...
...
.....
31
CHAPTER
4
WRITING SIMPLE PROGRAMS IN BASIC
Line Numbers .
..... ..........................................................
35
The GOTO Statement
.
. .
. . .
. .
.
.
. . . .. .. . .. .
.
. . . . . .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . ...
36
Using the LIST Command
....
.
....
.
. . . . . .
.
.
.
. .
.
. .
. .
. . .
.
. .
..
36
Editing Tips
.
. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . ... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37
How toUse Variables
. .. .
.
. . . . .. .
.
. . . . . ..
.
...
38
.................
Using FOR. .. NEXT Lops
...... ................. ........ . 41
Using IFfTHEN Statements to Control Programs
..
.
.......
.
...
.
....
.
.......
.
..
.
....
42
....
iii
CHAPTER
5
ADVANCED BASIC
Introduction .... .............. ...
. .... . 46
Simple Animation
....
..
.
.
...
.
.......
.
.
.
....
..
.
.
.....
.
.
.
....
..
..
....
..
.
..
... .. 47
INPUT ................... ............................ ...
..
..
.
..
.
.. 49
.
Using the GET Statement for Data Input ........... . ... . .............. . .
. ... 51
. .. 52
. ..... 53
Using GET to Program Function Keys .... ................. .. .
Random Numbers and Other Functions
.... ..... ... .......
.
Guessing Game ......................................... ... . .............
.
. 55
Your Roll ........................... .......... .. . .... .. .. ..
.
. ..... ....... 56
Random Graphics
....
.
.
.
.....
...
.
.
...
... ..
.
.
..
..
...
.
.
.. .....
.
.
.
.
.......
..
.
57
CHAPTER
6
COLOR AND GRAPHICS
How to Use Color and Graphics on Your Computer .
..
..
.
.
...
...
..
.
...
.
..
.
.
...
......
60
Printing Colors
..............................................................
61
Color CHR$ Cdes
......
....
......
.
.
.
.....
.
..
..
.
.
. .
. . . . . . . . . .
..
3
How to Use PEEKS and POKES
.
..
.
..
..
....
.
.... ....
.
..
...
.
.
..
...
.
..
.
....
... ..
.
.
65
Screen Graphics ............... .. ..... ..
.
creen Memory Map ... ......... ... .. .. .
.
Color Memory Map ........ . ........ ....
.
More Bouncing Balls .. .......... ..
.
. ............ 66
.. 67
68
. ...... .... 69
CHAPTER
7
INTRODUCTION TO SPRITES
Bits and By1es ..
.....
.
.
..
....
.
.
..
.
.
.
....
...
..
.
.
..
..
.
.
..
.. ...... ............ 73
Creating
a Sprite
....
.
. . . . . .
.
.
.
. . . .
.
.
.
. . . . . .
.
. . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
76
Designing a Sprite .
.
..........
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
......
.
...
......
..
...
..
.
.
..
...
....
.
..
.
77
Tuming Sprites On .....
.
..
..
.
.........
..
.
...
.
..
.
..
....
.
..
....
.
.
...
.
. .. 81
Sprite Colors
......
.
....
..
.................
.
....
.
...........
. .. 81
Positioning Sprites
..................
..
....
.
. . . .
.
. . . . .
.
..
82
Expanded Sprites
.
..
.
.....
.
..
...
.
.....
..
..
.
.
.
..
.
..
.
. 83
.
...
Creating More Than One Sprite
.
.
.
..
.......
.
..
.
.
.
. . . . . .
.
. . . .
..
84
Sprite Priorities
.
.
.
.
.
.
........
..
.
.
...
.
...
.. ...
....
. . . . . . . . .
.
..
85
Turning Sprites Off
.
...
...
.
.
.
..
.
.........
.
......
. . . . . . . . . . .
85
CHAPTER
8
MA�NGSOUNDANDMUS�
The SID Chip .....
.
.....
.
.
.
......
..
..
..
.
.
.. . . .. . ..... 88
Sample Sound Program
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
..
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
96
Playing a Song on Your 4
.....
.
...
.
.
...
...
...
..
.
..
.. ..
..
..
. . .
.
. . . . ..
98
Creating Sound Effects
.
. . . . . . . . . .
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . .
.
.
. . .
. . . .
. . .
. . . .
. . .
.
.
.
. .
. ..
99
Filtering
.....
..
.....
.
....................
. . . . .
.
. . . . . .
. ....
100
Music Composer ....
.
...
.
..
.
.....
.
....
.
..
................... 101
iv
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Copyright
© 1984
by Commodore Business Machines,
(UKI
Ltd.
All rights reserved.
This manual is copyrighted and contains proprietary information. No part of this publica
tion may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of COMMODORE BUSINESS MACHINES,
(UKI
Ltd.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1
SETTING UP
Unpacking and Connecting the 64
Installation .. .
2
3
. .............
.
.......
.
......
.
..
.
.... .
Optional Connections
.
........
. . . . .
.
.
. .
.
.
.
. .
. . . .
5
Operation
.....
.
..
.
.
.
...
.
.
..
.
.. . . .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.. ... . . . .
.
.
7
Troubleshooting Chart
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.. .... .
.
. ...
.
. . . . . .. .. . . . .
.
...
. .
.
8
Color Adjustment
.................. .
.
. .
.
. . . . .
. .
.
.
. .
.
.
. . . .
10
Expanding Your System With Optional Peripherals
....
..
........
.
....
.
..
..
.
.
.....
12
CHAPTER
2
GETTING STARTED
Commurucatl11g with your 64 The Keyboard
Loading Prgrams
.....
.
How to Format a New Disk .
. .
.
. . ..
.
..... .
Saving Prgrams .................. .............
.
Listing a Dirctory of Prgrams on a Disk
16
........ .. ... 21
. ...... ..... ... ....... 23
. 24
... 24
CHAPTER 3
BEGINNING BASIC
Printing and Calculating
.
..
.
.........
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
...
...
.
..
.
. . . .
.
.. . ... .
.
.. ..
26
Mathematical Functions
.........
.
..........
.
.....
..
....
.
..............
.
......
27
Multiple Calculations on One Line
.
. .
.
. .. ...
.
.
. . .. .
.
. . ... . .
.
.. ... . . . .
.
. .. ..
29
Excution Order in Calculations
..............
.
...............
.
.................
. 30
Combining PRINT's Capabilities
.
....
.
...
...
.....
31
CHAPTER
4
WRITING SIMPLE PROGRAMS IN BASIC
Line Numbers .
..... ..........................................................
35
The GOTO Statement
.
. .
. . .
. .
.
.
. . . .. .. . .. .
.
. . . . . .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . ...
36
Using the LIST Command
....
.
....
.
. . . . . .
.
.
.
. .
.
. .
. .
. . .
.
. .
..
36
Editing Tips
.
. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . ... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37
How toUse Variables
. .. .
.
. . . . .. .
.
. . . . . ..
.
...
38
.................
Using FOR. .. NEXT Lops
...... ................. ........ . 41
Using IFfTHEN Statements to Control Programs
..
.
.......
.
...
.
....
.
.......
.
..
.
....
42
....
iii
CHAPTER
5
ADVANCED BASIC
Introduction .... .............. ...
. .... . 46
Simple Animation
....
..
.
.
...
.
.......
.
.
.
....
..
.
.
.....
.
.
.
....
..
..
....
..
.
..
... .. 47
INPUT ................... ............................ ...
..
..
.
..
.
.. 49
.
Using the GET Statement for Data Input ........... . ... . .............. . .
. ... 51
. .. 52
. ..... 53
Using GET to Program Function Keys .... ................. .. .
Random Numbers and Other Functions
.... ..... ... .......
.
Guessing Game ......................................... ... . .............
.
. 55
Your Roll ........................... .......... .. . .... .. .. ..
.
. ..... ....... 56
Random Graphics
....
.
.
.
.....
...
.
.
...
... ..
.
.
..
..
...
.
.
.. .....
.
.
.
.
.......
..
.
57
CHAPTER
6
COLOR AND GRAPHICS
How to Use Color and Graphics on Your Computer .
..
..
.
.
...
...
..
.
...
.
..
.
.
...
......
60
Printing Colors
..............................................................
61
Color CHR$ Cdes
......
....
......
.
.
.
.....
.
..
..
.
.
. .
. . . . . . . . . .
..
3
How to Use PEEKS and POKES
.
..
.
..
..
....
.
.... ....
.
..
...
.
.
..
...
.
..
.
....
... ..
.
.
65
Screen Graphics ............... .. ..... ..
.
creen Memory Map ... ......... ... .. .. .
.
Color Memory Map ........ . ........ ....
.
More Bouncing Balls .. .......... ..
.
. ............ 66
.. 67
68
. ...... .... 69
CHAPTER
7
INTRODUCTION TO SPRITES
Bits and By1es ..
.....
.
.
..
....
.
.
..
.
.
.
....
...
..
.
.
..
..
.
.
..
.. ...... ............ 73
Creating
a Sprite
....
.
. . . . . .
.
.
.
. . . .
.
.
.
. . . . . .
.
. . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
76
Designing a Sprite .
.
..........
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
......
.
...
......
..
...
..
.
.
..
...
....
.
..
.
77
Tuming Sprites On .....
.
..
..
.
.........
..
.
...
.
..
.
..
....
.
..
....
.
.
...
.
. .. 81
Sprite Colors
......
.
....
..
.................
.
....
.
...........
. .. 81
Positioning Sprites
..................
..
....
.
. . . .
.
. . . . .
.
..
82
Expanded Sprites
.
..
.
.....
.
..
...
.
.....
..
..
.
.
.
..
.
..
.
. 83
.
...
Creating More Than One Sprite
.
.
.
..
.......
.
..
.
.
.
. . . . . .
.
. . . .
..
84
Sprite Priorities
.
.
.
.
.
.
........
..
.
.
...
.
...
.. ...
....
. . . . . . . . .
.
..
85
Turning Sprites Off
.
...
...
.
.
.
..
.
.........
.
......
. . . . . . . . . . .
85
CHAPTER
8
MA�NGSOUNDANDMUS�
The SID Chip .....
.
.....
.
.
.
......
..
..
..
.
.
.. . . .. . ..... 88
Sample Sound Program
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
..
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
96
Playing a Song on Your 4
.....
.
...
.
.
...
...
...
..
.
..
.. ..
..
..
. . .
.
. . . . ..
98
Creating Sound Effects
.
. . . . . . . . . .
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . .
.
.
. . .
. . . .
. . .
. . . .
. . .
.
.
.
. .
. ..
99
Filtering
.....
..
.....
.
....................
. . . . .
.
. . . . . .
. ....
100
Music Composer ....
.
...
.
..
.
.....
.
....
.
..
................... 101
iv
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