CIBSE Guide A Environmental design, COW
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Environmental design
CIBSE Guide A
The rights of publication or translation are reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means
without the prior permission of the Institution.
© January 2006 (7th edition) The Chartered Institution of
Building Services Engineers London
Issue 2 (January 2007) with corrections to pages 2-29, 2-48,
2-49, 3-11, 3-17, 3-31, 3-32, 5-11, 5-12
Registered charity number 278104
ISBN-10: 1-903287-66-9
ISBN-13: 978-1-903287-66-8
This document is based on the best knowledge available at
the time of publication. However no responsibility of any
kind for any injury, death, loss, damage or delay however
caused resulting from the use of these recommendations can
be accepted by the Chartered Institution of Building Services
Engineers, the authors or others involved in its publication.
In adopting these recommendations for use each adopter by
doing so agrees to accept full responsibility for any personal
injury, death, loss, damage or delay arising out of or in
connection with their use by or on behalf of such adopter
irrespective of the cause or reason therefore and agrees to
defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Chartered
Institution of Building Services Engineers, the authors and
others involved in their publication from any and all liability
arising out of or in connection with such use as aforesaid
and irrespective of any negligence on the part of those
indemnified.
Typeset by CIBSE Publications
Printed in Great Britain by Page Bros. (Norwich) Ltd.,
Norwich, Norfolk NR6 6SA
Note from the publisher
This publication is primarily intended to provide guidance to those responsible for the
design, installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance of building services. It is
not intended to be exhaustive or definitive and it will be necessary for users of the guidance
given to exercise their own professional judgement when deciding whether to abide by or
depart from it.
Permission to reproduce extracts from the British Standards is granted by BSI. British
Standards can be obtained from BSI Customer Services, 389 Chiswick High Road,
London W4 4AL. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001. E-mail: cservices@bsi-global.com
Foreword
CIBSE Guide A:
Environmental design
is the premier reference source for designers of low
energy sustainable buildings. This edition is the 7th revision and contains significant
changes from its predecessor. The contents acknowledge and satisfy the Energy
Performance of Buildings Directive and UK legislation, specifically the 2006 Building
Regulations Approved Documents L and F. Additionally, the authors have incorporated
the latest research and best practice in order to enable environmental design engineers to
practise at the forefront of their profession.
The changes made for the 7th revision may briefly be summarised as follows:
Chapter 1:
Environmental criteria for design
: this chapter has been extensively revised
to include the adaptive approach and thermal comfort criteria based on the outdoor
running mean temperature for offices in both the free running mode (naturally
ventilated and mixed mode buildings) and for sealed buildings served by heating and
cooling systems. Guidance on overheating criteria has also been included. The health
relevant issues associated with environmental design have been transferred to a
completely new section (section 8) in order to provide more comprehensive guidance.
Chapter 2:
External design data
: UK dry bulb and wet bulb temperature data have
been updated to 2002. New Test Reference Years and Design Summer Years for 14
sites have been identified for which hourly data are available separately. The text in
this chapter has also been expanded to include a new section (2.9) giving the latest
guidance on future UK climate trends based on UKCIP02 scenarios, and a new
section (2.10) on the heat island effect.
Chapter 3:
Thermal properties of building structures
: all the data in this section have
been reviewed and updated where necessary to reflect the changes in European and
International standards, including test methods for thermal conductivity and
thermal transmittance and those related to specification of thermal properties and
the calculation of heat transmission. The data for glazed units and windows and for
non-steady state properties (admittances etc.) have been reviewed and re-calculated.
Chapter 4:
Ventilation and air infiltration
: the previous edition of Guide A referred
only to natural ventilation; this chapter now covers all modes of ventilation. The
chapter also specifies minimum ventilation rates to conform to both the revised
Approved Document F under the Building Regulations for England and Wales, and
the ventilation requirements specified in new European Standards. A new section
on empirical data for air infiltration gives design and peak annual average infiltra-
tion values for a range of building types and sizes.
Chapter 5:
Thermal response and plant sizing
: this chapter details the design
information required to calculate heating and cooling loads and the installed plant
capacity. Recognising the iterative nature of the design processes used by practicing
engineers, both steady state (manual) calculations using the admittance procedures,
and dynamic calculation techniques using computer programs are included in this
chapter. The text and data have been comprehensively reviewed and updated.
Recommended quality assurance procedures, including the need for a software
assessment test for building services design programmes, are also included.
Chapter 6:
Internal heat gains
: this section provides the latest design information on
heat emissions from a wide range of internal heat gains to enable designers to use
either benchmark values typical of the building and its intended usage, or to make
specific estimates where sufficient reliable data are available.
Chapter 7:
Moisture transfer and condensation
: this chapter addresses the widespread
concerns amongst clients and building professionals with regard to surface
condensation (or, more importantly, mould growth) and also the accumulation of
moisture within the structure. The chapter has been expanded to present methods
for the prediction of both surface and interstitial condensation and guidelines on
how to minimise these problems. The latest British and European Standards
methodology and national best practice and the appropriate boundary conditions
are also covered.
Chapter 8:
Health issues
: this is a totally new chapter. Its purpose is to advise
building service designers and building managers of the health implications of their
decisions, and give recommendations for limiting, or preferably avoiding, any
adverse health interactions. It has proved impractical to include the full text of this
complete and very comprehensive document within this Guide and therefore an
abridged version only has been included, with the complete text included on the
CD
-
ROM
that accompanies this Guide. Additionally, the complete text is published on
the CIBSE website (www.cibse.org) as CIBSE TM 40:
Health issues in building
services
.
I would like to express my personal thanks to the individual section authors and their
contributors for the many hours of voluntary effort attending meetings, researching,
drafting, reading proofs and commenting on not only their own sections but also associated
sections in this guide. I would also like to thank the committee secretary, Alan Watson, the
editor, Ken Butcher, and Peter Koch for checking and harmonising the symbols and
notation used throughout the Guide. My personal thanks are also given to Jacqueline
Balian, CIBSE Publishing Director, and to Brian Moss, Chairman of Publications and
Research Outputs Delivery Committee (PROD), for their encouragement, support and
forbearance during the lengthy gestation period of this ‘light’ revision.
Finally, I wish to thank all members of our Institution who have provided the section
authors, contributors and myself with many useful and constructive suggestions including
positive ideas for improving this Guide A revision.
Derrick Braham
Chairman, CIBSE Guide A Steering Committee
Guide A Steering Committee
Derrick Braham (Derrick Braham Associates) (chairman), Brian Anderson (BRE
Scotland), David Arnold (Troup Bywaters + Anders), Geoffrey Brundrett, Michael
Holmes (Arup), Michael Humphreys (Oxford Brookes University), Geoff Levermore
(University of Manchester), Martin Liddament (VEETECH Ltd.), Fergus Nicol (Oxford
Brookes University), Chris Sanders (Glasgow Caledonian University), Alan C Watson
(CIBSE) (secretary)
Authors, contributors and acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Environmental criteria for design
Principal authors
(
sections 1.1–1.6
)
Michael Humphreys (Oxford Brookes University)
Fergus Nicol (Oxford Brookes University)
Contributors
Jonathan David (CIBSE)
Gay Lawrence Race (CIBSE)
Chapter 2: External design data
Principal authors
Geoff Levermore (University of Manchester)
Tariq Muneer (Napier University)
John Page (consultant)
Chris Sanders (Glasgow Caledonian University)
Contributors
David Chow (Manchester University, School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil
Engineering), Sukumar Natarajan (Manchester University, School of Mechanical
Aerospace and Civil Engineering), John Parkinson (Manchester University, School of
Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering), Michelle Colley (UKCIP), Mike Hulme
(Tyndall Climate Change Research Centre, University of East Anglia), Richard Watkins
(Brunel University, School of Engineering and Design)
Acknowledgements
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
Chapter 3: Thermal properties of building structures
Principal author
Brian Anderson (BRE Scotland)
Contributors
Sean Doran (BRE Scotland), Kos Mina (BRE Scotland), Gerry Pettit (Concrete Block
Association)
Chapter 4: Ventilation and air infiltration
Principal author
Martin Liddament (VEETECH Ltd.)
Chapter 5: Thermal response and plant sizing
Principal author
Michael Holmes (Arup)
Contributors
Chris Britton (Hoare Lea), Foroutan Parand, Daren Robinson (BDSP Partnership),
Andrew Wright (De Montfort University), Robert Van Zyl (Cundall Johnson and Partners)
Chapter 6: Internal heat gains
Principal author
David Arnold (Troup Bywaters + Anders)
Chapter 7: Moisture transfer and condensation
Principal author
Chris Sanders (Glasgow Caledonian University)
Chapter 8: Health issues
Chapter 8 consists of extracts from CIBSE TM40:
Health issues in building services
, the full
text of which may be found on the
CD
-
ROM
that accompanies this Guide. TM40 was
prepared by the CIBSE Health Issues Task Group.
CIBSE Health Issues Task Group
Geoffrey Brundrett (consultant) (chairman)
Tim Bowden (Gifford and Partners)
Peter Boyce (Lighting Research Centre, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute)
Jillian Deans (Dangerous Pathogen Dept., Health and Safety Executive)
Paul Harrison (Cranfield University)
Peter Hoffman (Health Protection Agency)
Stirling Howieson (Centre for Environmental Design and Research, Strathclyde University)
John V Lee (Health Protection Agency)
Geoffrey Leventhall (Consultant)
Shena Powell (Health and Safety Laboratory)
Paul Tearle (Health Protection Agency)
Authors and contributors (1999 edition)
Guide A is a continuing publication and each successive edition relies on material provided
for previous editions. The Institution acknowledges the material provided by previous
authors and contributors, including: Farshad Alamdari, Brian Anderson, Paul Appleby, Joe
Clarke, Vic Crisp, Les Fothergill, Angus Gait, Ian Griffiths, Alan Guy, David Handley, Phil
Haves, Greg Hayden, Michael Holmes, Michael Humphreys, Peter Jackman, Ben Keeble,
Eric Keeble, Ted King, Geoff Leventhall, Geoff Levermore, Martin Liddament, David
Lush, John Moss, Tony Mulhall, Tariq Muneer, Fergus Nicol, Bjärne Olesen, Nigel
Oseland, Peter Owens, John Page, Martin Ratcliffe, Gary Raw, Paul Ruffles, Chris Sanders,
Jack Siviour, David Spooner, Alexandra Wilson, David Wood, Andrew Wright.
Editor
Ken Butcher
CIBSE Publishing Manager
Jacqueline Balian
Acknowledgement
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO
and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland under licence number C02W0002935.
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
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Environmental design
CIBSE Guide A
The rights of publication or translation are reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means
without the prior permission of the Institution.
© January 2006 (7th edition) The Chartered Institution of
Building Services Engineers London
Issue 2 (January 2007) with corrections to pages 2-29, 2-48,
2-49, 3-11, 3-17, 3-31, 3-32, 5-11, 5-12
Registered charity number 278104
ISBN-10: 1-903287-66-9
ISBN-13: 978-1-903287-66-8
This document is based on the best knowledge available at
the time of publication. However no responsibility of any
kind for any injury, death, loss, damage or delay however
caused resulting from the use of these recommendations can
be accepted by the Chartered Institution of Building Services
Engineers, the authors or others involved in its publication.
In adopting these recommendations for use each adopter by
doing so agrees to accept full responsibility for any personal
injury, death, loss, damage or delay arising out of or in
connection with their use by or on behalf of such adopter
irrespective of the cause or reason therefore and agrees to
defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Chartered
Institution of Building Services Engineers, the authors and
others involved in their publication from any and all liability
arising out of or in connection with such use as aforesaid
and irrespective of any negligence on the part of those
indemnified.
Typeset by CIBSE Publications
Printed in Great Britain by Page Bros. (Norwich) Ltd.,
Norwich, Norfolk NR6 6SA
Note from the publisher
This publication is primarily intended to provide guidance to those responsible for the
design, installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance of building services. It is
not intended to be exhaustive or definitive and it will be necessary for users of the guidance
given to exercise their own professional judgement when deciding whether to abide by or
depart from it.
Permission to reproduce extracts from the British Standards is granted by BSI. British
Standards can be obtained from BSI Customer Services, 389 Chiswick High Road,
London W4 4AL. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001. E-mail: cservices@bsi-global.com
Foreword
CIBSE Guide A:
Environmental design
is the premier reference source for designers of low
energy sustainable buildings. This edition is the 7th revision and contains significant
changes from its predecessor. The contents acknowledge and satisfy the Energy
Performance of Buildings Directive and UK legislation, specifically the 2006 Building
Regulations Approved Documents L and F. Additionally, the authors have incorporated
the latest research and best practice in order to enable environmental design engineers to
practise at the forefront of their profession.
The changes made for the 7th revision may briefly be summarised as follows:
Chapter 1:
Environmental criteria for design
: this chapter has been extensively revised
to include the adaptive approach and thermal comfort criteria based on the outdoor
running mean temperature for offices in both the free running mode (naturally
ventilated and mixed mode buildings) and for sealed buildings served by heating and
cooling systems. Guidance on overheating criteria has also been included. The health
relevant issues associated with environmental design have been transferred to a
completely new section (section 8) in order to provide more comprehensive guidance.
Chapter 2:
External design data
: UK dry bulb and wet bulb temperature data have
been updated to 2002. New Test Reference Years and Design Summer Years for 14
sites have been identified for which hourly data are available separately. The text in
this chapter has also been expanded to include a new section (2.9) giving the latest
guidance on future UK climate trends based on UKCIP02 scenarios, and a new
section (2.10) on the heat island effect.
Chapter 3:
Thermal properties of building structures
: all the data in this section have
been reviewed and updated where necessary to reflect the changes in European and
International standards, including test methods for thermal conductivity and
thermal transmittance and those related to specification of thermal properties and
the calculation of heat transmission. The data for glazed units and windows and for
non-steady state properties (admittances etc.) have been reviewed and re-calculated.
Chapter 4:
Ventilation and air infiltration
: the previous edition of Guide A referred
only to natural ventilation; this chapter now covers all modes of ventilation. The
chapter also specifies minimum ventilation rates to conform to both the revised
Approved Document F under the Building Regulations for England and Wales, and
the ventilation requirements specified in new European Standards. A new section
on empirical data for air infiltration gives design and peak annual average infiltra-
tion values for a range of building types and sizes.
Chapter 5:
Thermal response and plant sizing
: this chapter details the design
information required to calculate heating and cooling loads and the installed plant
capacity. Recognising the iterative nature of the design processes used by practicing
engineers, both steady state (manual) calculations using the admittance procedures,
and dynamic calculation techniques using computer programs are included in this
chapter. The text and data have been comprehensively reviewed and updated.
Recommended quality assurance procedures, including the need for a software
assessment test for building services design programmes, are also included.
Chapter 6:
Internal heat gains
: this section provides the latest design information on
heat emissions from a wide range of internal heat gains to enable designers to use
either benchmark values typical of the building and its intended usage, or to make
specific estimates where sufficient reliable data are available.
Chapter 7:
Moisture transfer and condensation
: this chapter addresses the widespread
concerns amongst clients and building professionals with regard to surface
condensation (or, more importantly, mould growth) and also the accumulation of
moisture within the structure. The chapter has been expanded to present methods
for the prediction of both surface and interstitial condensation and guidelines on
how to minimise these problems. The latest British and European Standards
methodology and national best practice and the appropriate boundary conditions
are also covered.
Chapter 8:
Health issues
: this is a totally new chapter. Its purpose is to advise
building service designers and building managers of the health implications of their
decisions, and give recommendations for limiting, or preferably avoiding, any
adverse health interactions. It has proved impractical to include the full text of this
complete and very comprehensive document within this Guide and therefore an
abridged version only has been included, with the complete text included on the
CD
-
ROM
that accompanies this Guide. Additionally, the complete text is published on
the CIBSE website (www.cibse.org) as CIBSE TM 40:
Health issues in building
services
.
I would like to express my personal thanks to the individual section authors and their
contributors for the many hours of voluntary effort attending meetings, researching,
drafting, reading proofs and commenting on not only their own sections but also associated
sections in this guide. I would also like to thank the committee secretary, Alan Watson, the
editor, Ken Butcher, and Peter Koch for checking and harmonising the symbols and
notation used throughout the Guide. My personal thanks are also given to Jacqueline
Balian, CIBSE Publishing Director, and to Brian Moss, Chairman of Publications and
Research Outputs Delivery Committee (PROD), for their encouragement, support and
forbearance during the lengthy gestation period of this ‘light’ revision.
Finally, I wish to thank all members of our Institution who have provided the section
authors, contributors and myself with many useful and constructive suggestions including
positive ideas for improving this Guide A revision.
Derrick Braham
Chairman, CIBSE Guide A Steering Committee
Guide A Steering Committee
Derrick Braham (Derrick Braham Associates) (chairman), Brian Anderson (BRE
Scotland), David Arnold (Troup Bywaters + Anders), Geoffrey Brundrett, Michael
Holmes (Arup), Michael Humphreys (Oxford Brookes University), Geoff Levermore
(University of Manchester), Martin Liddament (VEETECH Ltd.), Fergus Nicol (Oxford
Brookes University), Chris Sanders (Glasgow Caledonian University), Alan C Watson
(CIBSE) (secretary)
Authors, contributors and acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Environmental criteria for design
Principal authors
(
sections 1.1–1.6
)
Michael Humphreys (Oxford Brookes University)
Fergus Nicol (Oxford Brookes University)
Contributors
Jonathan David (CIBSE)
Gay Lawrence Race (CIBSE)
Chapter 2: External design data
Principal authors
Geoff Levermore (University of Manchester)
Tariq Muneer (Napier University)
John Page (consultant)
Chris Sanders (Glasgow Caledonian University)
Contributors
David Chow (Manchester University, School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil
Engineering), Sukumar Natarajan (Manchester University, School of Mechanical
Aerospace and Civil Engineering), John Parkinson (Manchester University, School of
Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering), Michelle Colley (UKCIP), Mike Hulme
(Tyndall Climate Change Research Centre, University of East Anglia), Richard Watkins
(Brunel University, School of Engineering and Design)
Acknowledgements
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
Chapter 3: Thermal properties of building structures
Principal author
Brian Anderson (BRE Scotland)
Contributors
Sean Doran (BRE Scotland), Kos Mina (BRE Scotland), Gerry Pettit (Concrete Block
Association)
Chapter 4: Ventilation and air infiltration
Principal author
Martin Liddament (VEETECH Ltd.)
Chapter 5: Thermal response and plant sizing
Principal author
Michael Holmes (Arup)
Contributors
Chris Britton (Hoare Lea), Foroutan Parand, Daren Robinson (BDSP Partnership),
Andrew Wright (De Montfort University), Robert Van Zyl (Cundall Johnson and Partners)
Chapter 6: Internal heat gains
Principal author
David Arnold (Troup Bywaters + Anders)
Chapter 7: Moisture transfer and condensation
Principal author
Chris Sanders (Glasgow Caledonian University)
Chapter 8: Health issues
Chapter 8 consists of extracts from CIBSE TM40:
Health issues in building services
, the full
text of which may be found on the
CD
-
ROM
that accompanies this Guide. TM40 was
prepared by the CIBSE Health Issues Task Group.
CIBSE Health Issues Task Group
Geoffrey Brundrett (consultant) (chairman)
Tim Bowden (Gifford and Partners)
Peter Boyce (Lighting Research Centre, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute)
Jillian Deans (Dangerous Pathogen Dept., Health and Safety Executive)
Paul Harrison (Cranfield University)
Peter Hoffman (Health Protection Agency)
Stirling Howieson (Centre for Environmental Design and Research, Strathclyde University)
John V Lee (Health Protection Agency)
Geoffrey Leventhall (Consultant)
Shena Powell (Health and Safety Laboratory)
Paul Tearle (Health Protection Agency)
Authors and contributors (1999 edition)
Guide A is a continuing publication and each successive edition relies on material provided
for previous editions. The Institution acknowledges the material provided by previous
authors and contributors, including: Farshad Alamdari, Brian Anderson, Paul Appleby, Joe
Clarke, Vic Crisp, Les Fothergill, Angus Gait, Ian Griffiths, Alan Guy, David Handley, Phil
Haves, Greg Hayden, Michael Holmes, Michael Humphreys, Peter Jackman, Ben Keeble,
Eric Keeble, Ted King, Geoff Leventhall, Geoff Levermore, Martin Liddament, David
Lush, John Moss, Tony Mulhall, Tariq Muneer, Fergus Nicol, Bjärne Olesen, Nigel
Oseland, Peter Owens, John Page, Martin Ratcliffe, Gary Raw, Paul Ruffles, Chris Sanders,
Jack Siviour, David Spooner, Alexandra Wilson, David Wood, Andrew Wright.
Editor
Ken Butcher
CIBSE Publishing Manager
Jacqueline Balian
Acknowledgement
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO
and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland under licence number C02W0002935.
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]